Physical cryptographic systems tend to leak side channel information that might be correlated to critical information. With a multilayer Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) system, leakages are observed from every layer of the system. Power consumption is a major source of leakage that is easily gathered and analysed by attackers using simple setup. In this paper, we propose a new and cost effective countermeasure to increase the robustness of an ECC processor against Simple Power Analysis (SPA) attacks.
This brief discusses the design and implementation of a Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Converter (SAR ADC) for thermal monitoring which, unlike other ADCs, does not require an explicit voltage reference. Instead, the reference is implemented digitally using only the inputs from the sensor. We demonstrate a novel ratio-metric scheme to implicitly implement the reference inside the temperature sensor ADC used for thermal management of 3D integrated architectures. Simulation results performed in 65nm CMOS for 12-bit ADC demonstrate the feasiblity of this new idea, and illustrate that after applyig room temperature trim, reference less SAR results in roughly ?2 times lower mismatch and process spread in error estimate compared to traditional SAR based sensor design and hence can achieve better temperature accuracy.
Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSN) are used in Wireless Sensor Networks as well as the internet of things applications. The growing interest in long lifetime for WSNs has resulted in an increase focus on the energy efficiency of the overall system. Most of the emphasis in the system design has been on tradeoffs between communication and computing aspects with minimum focus on the memory side. This paper construct a framework for analyzing the energy efficiency of a sensor node architecture highlighting the impact of traditional SRAM memory on overall system power and lifetime. A semi- Markov model with realistic activities of the WSN system including memory is developed. The simulation results of the proposed model using MATLAB show an improvements of 2x at 90% duty cycle in the lifetime of WSN when memory is utilized. Furthermore, the paper introduces an emerging non-volatile ReRAM -memristor to further improve the overall power efficiency.
This paper introduces an all digital, CMOS zero current switching (ZCS) circuit that enables a wide dynamic and a fine resolution zero current detection range for inductor based DC-DC converter. Using only a 3 bit design, more than 1.5 micro second dynamic range with 50 ns delay resolution is achieved. Post layout SPICE simulation results confirm that 85?ficiency can be achieved for the overall system.
In this work, a novel electrical based technique for the lipid content quantification inside microalgae cells suspended is presented. A single microalgae cell capacitance was estimated by measuring the suspension capacitance and de-embedding the contribution of the medium. The microalgae strain used in this experiment is Nannocloropsis and its actual lipid content was determined. For validation, samples with unknown lipid content were quantified using the suggested technique and compared to samples obtained by conventional methods.
In this paper we present a comparison that sheds the light on existing techniques for crowd segmentation that mainly aimed for surveillance applications. Crowd segmentation and modeling are becoming critically important for crowd management and behavior analysis. This review introduces an identification of technical and methodological differences between the crowd segmentation methods. The comparison is based on the novelty of each method, its usefulness, assumptions, advantaged and disadvantages. The review is supported by samples of the results from videos each method were applied on to spot the differences.
Crude oils have the potential to be used as pack up fuel in power generation. However; prior to this deployment in the power sector; the crude oils compositions and physicochemical properties need to be evaluated. Therefore, this study focused on the characterization of three types of crude oil (A, B, and C) as well as fuel oil using different approaches. Experimental measurements in terms of the rheological and physicochemical analyses provided detailed information about the n-heptane insoluble asphaltenes, apparent pH values, pour point, percentage moisture content, viscosity and density of the samples. Density and viscosity dependence on temperature was investigated between 20 to 200 oC. Using Arrhenius equation to model the exponential decrease of viscosity in relation to temperature increase, it was observed that the activation energy for flow execution for crude oil A, B, C and fuel oil is 1246.1, 1201.3, 1309.5 and 4809.8 mPa.s.K, respectively.
Oil formation volume factors(FVF) are extremely important and widely used in the oil industry. As investigated in the literature review, laboratory PVT experiments can not represent real reservoir depletion processes because of laboratory constraints and conventional adjustment methods have limitations. As part of the master thesis which is to develop a new method to adjust FVF, this survey is to know how the industry professionals use oil FVF currently.
Improved Oil Recovery has been on the forefront of petroleum R&D for the past 4 decades as it helps in the improvement of the oil sweep efficiency. EK-LCA-IOR is one of the emerging technologies which involves the application of the Low-concentration acidizing integrated with electrically enhanced oil recovery. Core-flood tests were performed on carbonate core plugs in a specially EK-designed coreflood setup. After the waterflooding stage, EK was applied with varying voltage gradient and varying acid concentrations. The experimental results have shown that the application of waterflooding on the carbonate cores yields an oil recovery of 60%. An additional 17-28% recovery was enhanced by the application of EK-LCA-IOR recording a maximum oil sweep of 88%. In addition, EK-LCA-IOR was shown to enhance the reservoir's permeability by 53% as it also allows us to save on the OPEX by reducing the acid/water requirement upto 10 times as compared to conventional EOR/IOR.
Naturally, tight carbonate reservoirs exhibit thick transition zones (TZ's) that could contain large amounts of original oil in place (OOIP) and hence significant addition of reserves could be left behind if the rock-fluid interactions and recovery mechanisms are not well understood. This work presents the results of both static and dynamic properties, including fluid flow analysis, of carbonate samples collected along a thick TZ of a heterogeneous cyclic carbonate reservoir of Abu Dhabi. The samples were collected from the same well at a depth of 9000+ ft., and rock and fluid typing was conducted taking into consideration the pore size distribution, the irreducible water saturation, the residual oil saturation, the oil and formation water characteristics, and the wettability all with respect to depth. Furthermore, the importance of wettability on Archie's saturation exponent 'n' on computation of OOIP will be discussed.