Recent advances in geometry have shown the wide application of hyperbolic geometry not only in mathematics but also real world applications. As in two dimensions, it is now clear that most threedimensional objects (configuration spaces and manifolds) are modelled on hyperbolic geometry. This viewpoint explains a great many things from large-scale cosmological phenomena, such as the shape of the universe, right down to the symmetries of groups and geometric objects and various physical theories. Kleinian groups are basically discrete groups of isometries associated with tessellations of hyperbolic space. They form the fundamental groups of hyperbolic manifolds. Over the last few decades, the theory of Kleinian groups has flourished because of its intimate connections with low-dimensional topology and geometry, especially with 3-manifold theory. In particular, we seek generalisations of known universal constraints for Fuchsian groups - discrete subgroups of isometries of hyperbolic plane. These generalisations will underpin a new understanding of the geometry and topology of hyperbolic 3-manifolds and their associated singular spaces, hyperbolic 3-orbifolds. The universal constraints for Kleinian groups we seek will in part arise from a novel description of the moduli spaces of discrete groups. This approach was successfully used to complete the solution to Siegel's famous problem on hyperbolic lattices, and offers further substantive advances to address the quite complicated analytic and topological properties of hyperbolic orbifolds. Our novel approach is to use a fundamental result concerning spaces of finitely generated Kleinian groups: they are closed in the topology of algebraic convergence. Indeed in this is also true in higher dimensions when fairly minor additional (and necessary) conditions are imposed - for instance giving a uniform bound on the torsion in a sequence, or asking that the limit set be in geometric position. In fact this property (which is basically a consequence of the existence of Zassenhaus neighbourhoods for semi-simple Lie groups) holds more generally for groups of isometries of negatively curved metrics because of the Margulis-Gromov lemma
How does the domino effect Abu Dhabi's urbanization and climate change impact the mangroves? In this thesis we be focusing on the potential impact of urbanization and that of global change on the case study of the Eastern Mangrove National Park, Abu Dhabi. As we live in the city of Abu Dhabi, UAE that has rapidly urbanized and claimed its importance in trade after only becoming an independent sovereign state in 1971. This means that the city has changed from a nomadic lifestyle to one that is highly urbanized, this puts pressure on the natural environment and its protection. Along with an international case study of the mangroves in Vietnam, we will be able to know the status of the mangroves in both locations, be able to compare their condition and protection methods through studying legislations, policies and other means of protection to sustain the natural reserve.
Business excellence is about achieving and sustaining an outstanding level of performance that exceeds the current and future needs and expectations of the entity's stakeholders. Business excellence evolved from the Concept of the total quality management (TQM) that was firstly formed and conceptualized in the early 1980's (Deming 1986 and Juran 1986). There is no consensus on the key constructs of total quality management (TQM) and business excellence, therefore, there is no unified and universally accepted approach to measure the impact of implementing total quality management (TQM) and business excellence on the financial and nonfinancial performance of the organizations (Santos-Vijande and Alvarez-Gonzalez 2007). The nature of nuclear industry makes it very challenging to adopt and harness innovation management practices. Still, one key element of the EFQM business excellence model implemented by Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) is learning and innovation. Harnessing innovation and creativity is also one of the eight fundamental concepts of business excellence (EFQM 2013). This study will investigate the impact of implementing business excellence models on the innovation maturity in the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC).
Chlorophenols are considered hazardous pollutants due to their negative health effects such as carcinogenicity, thus the water contaminated by chlorophenols should be treated before discharged to the environment. Investigating the applications of Ionic Liquids (ILs) as green solvents in water treatment is important regarding their advantageous properties over organic solvents such as low vapor pressure and non-flammability. In this study, the extraction of 2,4, 6- Trichlorophenol (TCP) and Pentachlorophenol (PCP) from aqueous solution using six hydrophobic ILs was investigated. Results showed that the highest extraction efficiency for both TCP and PCP were 94.0% and 93.6% respectively,when 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([1,3emPY][Tf2N])was used as extractant. This indicates the promising application of [1,3emPY][Tf2N] in wastewater treatment.
The paper investigates the phenomenon of wasta in the UA and its use by women to get career advancement. As wasta takes an essential role in the culture and social life of the Emirati people, it is present in many aspects of professional life. The study aims at discussing the main aspects of wasta, its use in the professional life, the problem of wasta in the UAE, and its impact on organizational development. Secondary data analysis has enabled to collect the data for analysis and provide proper conclusions. It has been found that wasta has numerous negative impacts not only on organizational development, but on the economic development of the country. It is suggested that a meritocratic approach can help to deal with the issue wasta. Finally, it is recommended to conduct a further research to analyze the wasta use in different organizational structures
This paper proposed two new lane changing strategies for connected vehicles using cooperative game theory: the transferable utility strategy which allows side payment from one vehicle to another and the non-transferable utility strategy using Nash bargaining solution. When a side payment is allowed, a monetary payment from one vehicle to another is needed to achieve the solution. In this case, vehicles are actually making transactions on the right-of-way: they may have a chance to buy time from other vehicles at a reasonable price that satisfies both. For vehicles that are not willing to participate in transactions, Nash bargaining solution achieves a Pareto efficiency and ensures that no lane resource is wasted. Simulations using cellular automata showed that, cooperation between drivers could help achieve a win-win result. Besides, a properly designed utility function could encourage vehicles to participate in transactions, and prevent them from cheating in their value of time.
Automated vehicle technique makes the car-following model cannot only be used in simulation as a description of real world, but also applied as a technical support in real world. As field application requires high level of safety, safety design in car-following model for automated driving environment becomes more important than in traditional simulation-only model. This paper presented a safety-oriented car-following model for connected automated vehicles, considering their different delays and unique information broadcasting features. The dynamic resistance, friction and propulsion were considered when formulating the vehicle's motion equation, and possible packet loss was also included. Simulation in urban road & highway scenario using the field data of connected vehicles from Ann Arbor, Michigan showed that the model can guarantee safety in different driving environments. Besides, it also demonstrated high efficiency and good stability.
An overload, in commuting system, is defined as a load that exceeds the legal truckload limit. The overload statistics depend on truck types specified by the number of axles. The truckload spectra generally represent a distinctly different pattern than that in lower load levels, which is especially true among trucks with five or more axles. The probability of occurrence of specific truck weights exceeding the legal load limit can be used to estimate the frequency of occurrence of heavier loads in transportation facilities and thus determine the damage potentials of overloads on the infrastructure. This information can be used along with routine engineering analyses that many pertinent road agencies conduct when issuing truck-overload permits. The Heavy Vehicle Axle load regulations known as UAE "1986 Law", has not been put in enforcement since the time of its inception. However, the current situation with regard to truck weights in the UAE has negative implications for road safety and puts excessive stress on road infrastructure. This leads to more road traffic accidents, higher maintenance expenditure and risk of structural failures.
Many oil fields in Abu Dhabi have been producing primarily from Cretaceous Thamama reservoir both in Offshore and Onshore field. However, the oil and gas production from Middle Jurassic limestone in Onshore Abu Dhabi is very limited while it is one of the producing reservoir in the offshore Abu Dhabi and Qatar. The study concentrates on Middle Jurassic Upper Araej formation which comprises bioclastic-ooidal grainstone-floatstone, pelloidal packstone, and minor skeletal wackstone/mudstone. The objective of this study is to characterize, recognize, and constrain the impact of diagenetic process (e.g. cementation, dolomitization, dissolution, stylolitization) on the poor reservoir quality of the formation. Core logging, Optical petrography, Back-scattered electron imaging, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Stable isotope (C-O) analysis are being conducted to examine and reveal the diagenesis of this formation. This study will help unravelling the thermalgeochemical conditions of diagenesis of the studied carbonate sediments. Optical petrography analysis has shown intensive cementation of grainstone and packstone units by drussy and blocky calcite cement which occlude all the pore systems, both in intra-granular and inter-granular pores. Along with BSEI and SEM analysis, the occurrence of anhydrate, fluorite, and saddle dolomite may give clues of certain fluid flow that affected the reservoir quality of Upper Araej Formation. A new potential of gas play probably exists in this tight reservoir.
Over the past decades, people where relying on conventional methods for power generation. However, due to the climate change, escalating prices pf fuel and petrol, in addition to the rising realization of environmental pressures along with the widespread acknowledgment about the importance of following a sustainable path have motivated countries to seek alternative clean energy resources. Currently, researches are being done to switch from the depletion of fossil fuel to using biofuels through the usage of biomass within the microalgae. This is because algae are considered one of the renewable sources of biodiesel that is capable to meet the future global fuel demand. Algae can produce clean renewable fuels, moreover it has demonstrated its effectiveness in sequestering CO2, treating waste water and generate electricity. Architects are now inspired by the advanced algae cultivation technologies and exploring the potential of cultivating microalgae within their design to produce the building's energy demand. The goal of this research is to highlight the importance of micro-algae, examine the potential of cultivating algae within a building's facade and achieving the building's energy demand and it various cultivation methods and techniques. It will also give an insight about the conditions upon which algae can live and reproduce as well as its distinctive design implementation within architecture. A research methodology will be presented to further investigate and examine this research hypothesis. Finally, based on the information and the analysis conducted in this research, a summary of conclusion will be presented for any further development regarding algae cultivation within building design.
