Study of multiphase systems are very complex and expensive, but with commercial CFD software like ANSYS Fluent, these systems can be simulated with easy and the study can be extended. This paper manly focuses on computing multiphase hydrodynamic problems using two sophisticated approaches- Euler-Euler Granular Model and Macroscopic Particle Model. The Euler- Euler Granular model is powerful for computing 2-D simulations whereas the MPM model is used for 3-D simulations. Various parameters and models are available in ANSYS to compute momentum, energy and continuity equations. The solver uses finite element, fine differential or finite volume to perform extensive calculations on the mesh. A case study on a three-phase turbulent fluidized bed where water is the dispersed phase, air the continuous phase and pp particles the discrete phase was performed to complete the study in hydrodynamics.
The dynamic influences in social and economic development rapidly affect the architecture in UAE in general and mosque architecture in specific, in which creates a matter of the unclear identity of the mosques in UAE. This process creates debates and clashes between tradition and modernity. This paper aims to puts forth the evolution of mosque architecture in UAE in chronological perspective. The paper methodology is a descriptive-analytical method with qualitative results. Basically, based upon two theoretical bases the functional and ritual elements of the Islamic architecture to understand the constant and variable elements in the mosque architecture. Moreover, the influences of the social and economic changes in the UAE on architecture development. In the second part of the paper mosques in UAE will be reviewed in a chronological perspective to create a discussion for the existing mosques in UAE. This review will clarify the situation and allow showing the origin and the evolution of the UAE?s mosque architecture forms and characteristics within a taxonomy chart.
To date, 37 peptides and proteins were found to form amyloid deposits which cause serious human disorders such as Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and numerous systemic amyloidosis. Since amyloid formation is a shared property of proteins, model proteins can be used to better understand the aggregation mechanism and to devise novel therapies to the numerous disorders that are arising from this phenomenon. In this work, the aggregation kinetics of the model protein, Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL), was investigated under a combination of various in vitro aggregation conditions including two different pH conditions (acidic and physiological), elevated temperature and physiological ionic strength provided by sodium chloride. The results of this preliminary work will be utilized to test the ability of small molecules to inhibit HEWL aggregation pathways. The potential inhibitor(s) could also be effective in other pathological proteins that are associated with serious human disorders.
More than 30 human degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer?s disease (AD), Parkinson?s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with protein aggregation. Islet amyloid deposits, a hallmark in T2DM, are found in pancreatic islets of more than 90% of T2DM patients. Inhibiting protein aggregation and associated toxicity is a strategy in preventing protein aggregation-related disorders. In this study, we demonstrated that two inhibitors, lipoic acid (LA) and ascorbic acid, significantly inhibited amylin aggregation, which was confirmed by ThT assay, fluorescence and TEM images. Increased cell viability up to 70.3%, is observed for samples incubated with lipoic acid at 10:1 molar ratio (LA: amylin) and up to 63.3% when incubated with ascorbic acid at an equimolar ratio, as compared to only 42.8% with amylin aggregates only. Docking results showed that lipoic acid and ascorbic acid physically interact with amylin amyloidogenic region (Ser20-Ser29) via hydrophobic interactions, thus reducing aggregation levels. Therefore, lipoic acid and ascorbic acid potentially prevented cell toxicity invitro by inhibiting amylin aggregation through hydrophobic interactions.
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) are structures in three-dimensional space with a net zero curvature and a unique architecture that locally minimizes the area. The objective of this paper is to computationally evaluate the effective electrical and thermal conductivity of cubically symmetric TPMS solids ? namely Gyroid, IWP and Diamond over a range of relative densities using the Finite Element Method (FEM). It compares the skeletal-based cellular structures with each other and investigates the inter-relation between the skeletal and sheet networks. Results show the effective conductivity to vary linearly with increasing relative density for the three shapes, with the sheet networks demonstrating higher conductivities than the skeletal networks at all relative densities. The IWP and Gyroid exhibit similar trends while the Diamond shows a lower conductivity for the same values of relative density. Among all the structures, the IWP presented the highest value of 0.17 for the sheet network and 0.13 for the skeletal, both at a relative density of 25%.
In this paper, we experimentally investigate the compressive mechanical behavior of periodic sheet-based Gyroid graphene/PLA cellular nanocomposites at different relative densities. The Gyroid structure is a triply periodic minimal surface, in which the stress concentration is minimized. The structures are 3D printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique based on graphene/PLA filaments. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to assess the 3D printing quality of the fabricated samples. It is shown that the Gyroid structures have a mixed mode of deformation between stretching and bending dominated behavior making them ideal for both strong-lightweight structures and energy absorption applications.
This study investigates an extreme weather event that impacted the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in March 2016 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.7.1 coupled with its hydrological modeling extension package (Hydro). Six-hourly forecasted forcing records at 0.5? spatial resolution, obtained from the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), are used to drive the three nested downscaling domains of both standalone WRF and coupled WRF/ WRF-Hydro configurations for the recent flood-triggering storm. Ground and satellite observations over the UAE are employed to validate the model results. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), relative bias (rBIAS) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) are used as performance measures. Results show reductions of 24% and 13% in RMSE and rBIAS measures, respectively, in precipitation forecasts from the coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro model configuration, when compared to standalone WRF. The demonstrated improvement implies that WRF-Hydro coupling may enhance hydrologic forecasts and flash flood guidance systems in the region.
In efforts to mimic the resilience offered by natural systems, such as bone and wood, it has always been an engineering quest to create lightweight materials that exhibit high strengthto- weight ratios. In this paper, novel 3D-printed stretching-dominated micro-lattices based on mathematically-driven sheet-based triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are investigated for their mechanical properties. The TPMS-based structures allow for better efficiency dictated by topology rather than composition. The fabrication, characterization and testing of three different topologies are investigated herein; the CY, IWP and Primitive structures.
Since the World Economic Forum sets in 2004 the first Global Competitiveness Index that list countries according to several indicators, one of which is the infrastructure index, that consists of nine secondary axes, one of which is road quality index, and that the UAE is seeking to raise the standards of global competitiveness and ensure the highest levels of road safety. This research aligns with the objectives of the UAE in reducing the incidence of irrigated incidents on the network of federal roads associated with the level of lighting at night, Therefore This research examines lighting quality and its impact on car accidents at night by exploring the effects of lighting properties such as boom angle, pole height, number of luminaries, and pole arrangements on the number of night-time accidents. The case study subjects for research and analysis were selected based on a group of factors and examined using quantitative methods to enable the researcher to rank roadway improvements from most to least important. These improvements include changing the lighting systems on roadways from High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) to Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), a conclusion reached by studying lighting measurements and comparing them to British standards applied in infrastructure construction while considering economic and energy consumption factors. The research concludes with the optimum scenario for each proposed parameter and an advanced optimum model created after collecting all optimum scenarios of all phases.
This paper presents a novel hybrid Memristor-CMOS based flash Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). The proposed flash ADC is the first to use memristor (MR) to replace conventional resistor in order to generate different reference voltages. This is achieved by utilizing the multistate property exhibited by novel reduced Graphene oxide (rGo) MR devices fabricated and tested by our group. The electrical parameters of the devices have been extracted to develop a correlated mathematical model using the Voltage-Threshold Adaptive Model (VTEAM). Cadence circuit simulator is used to simulate the model and compare it with the experimental results. The proposed MR-based Flash ADC design solves the issue of resistor mismatch that results in encoding errors. The ability to tune the resistance value of MR post fabrication provides flexibility to modify the quantization step size. Moreover, being a nanoscale component, the usage of MR significantly improves the area efficiency of the target ADC.
