Firstly, we present a design and protocol to add binary numbers using discrete solitons in waveguide arrays. We show that the nonlinear interaction between discrete solitons in waveguide arrays can be exploited to design half and full adders. Secondly, we present a design and protocol to achieve an essential feature of an optical transistor, namely the amplification of input signal with the use of discrete solitons in waveguide arrays. We consider the scattering of a discrete soliton by a reflectionless potential in the presence of a control soliton. We show that at the sharp transition region between full reflectance and full transmittance, the intensity of the reflected or transmitted soliton is highly sensitive to the intensity of the control soliton. This suggests a setup of signal amplifier. The suggested devices will be very important components in the all-optical data processing.
It is attractive to learn physics via machine learning because physics describes our complicated real-world both elegantly and economically, with simple laws of physics to govern the evolution of complex states. In the case of classical mechanics, nature favors the object to move along the path according to the time integral of the Lagrangian, called the action S. We consider setting the reward/penalty as a function of S, so the agent could learn the physical trajectory of particles in various kinds of environments with reinforcement learning (RL). In this work, we verified the idea by using a Q-Learning based algorithm on learning how light propagates in materials with different refraction indices, and show that the agent could recover the minimal-time path equivalent to the solution obtained by Snell's law or Fermat's Principle. The success sheds light on the possibility of further applications for combining RL and physics.
Thin films of TiO2 were deposited on FTO by spray pyrolysis technique. The chosen precursor is titanium disopropoxide stabilized with acetyl acetone in ethanol solvent. The X-ray investigation revealed polycrystalline nature of film with single anatase phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy assured the uniform deposition of films on FTO substrate. The estimated optical band gap was found to be 3.4eV that is in accordance with the literature for thin film anatase TiO2 . Since, the spray pyrolysis is a versatile technique with interdependence of precursor chemistry for effective modulation of electron transport features of TiO2 films in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, single-phase, uniform, and transparent TiO2 films have the potential to be utilized as an efficient electron transport layer for enhanced efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells. Moreover, the sprayed titania films will also be tested for photocatalytic degradation activity of organic dyes.
Ultracold molecular physics is a promising research field with great potential to revolutionize various important applications such as quantum information. One of the methods that can be used to produce ultracold molecules is Laser cooling. This work investigates diatomic molecules that can be cooled through Doppler laser cooling, using quantum computational calculations: ab initio complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF), (MRCI+Q) calculations. The molecular candidates of interest in this work are PH and LuF. We confirm that PH is feasible for laser cooling for A3? - X3?- transition (the main cooling cycle) with radiative lifetime of 192.8 ns. We also find that LuF molecule can be feasible for laser cooling for the main cooling cycle between (1)1? - X1?+ states having a radiative lifetime of 9.22 ns
We propose a high accuracy power series method for solving partial differential equations with emphasis on the fundamental nonlinear Schr?dinger equation. The method is based on employing an iterative power series for time stepping and a multi-point formula for the spacial discretization of the second derivative. The accuracy and calculation speed can be arbitrarily increased to orders of magnitude larger than those of other methods and easily reaching machine precision. Two parameters are characterizing the presented method accuracy, the maximum power of the time power series and the number of points in the multi-point formula. The present method successfully captures the exact moving bright soliton of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation.
With the prevalence of big data, feature selection has become a necessary preprocessing step across many data mining applications. In this work, a general framework for the ensemble of multiple feature selection methods was implemented. Based on diversified datasets generated from the original set of observations, the importance scores generated by multiple feature selection techniques were aggregated using two methods: Within Aggregation Method (WAM) which refers to aggregating importance scores within a single feature selection, and Between Aggregation Method (BAM) which refers to aggregating importance scores between multiple feature selection methods. The experimental evaluation of 13 real datasets shows that WAM provides an effective tool for determining the best feature selection method for a given dataset. Both method exhibit comparable computational demands, though WAM shows greater stability. The results of this work suggest that by applying both WAM and BAM, practitioners can gain deeper understanding of the feature selection process.
In view of understanding inheritance and enhancing personalized and predictive medicine, genetic data attracts attention. Typically genetic data is high dimensional and not simple to get hold of. In this paper, we present a pipeline that connects data simulation, dimensionality reduction, and visualization with Principle Component Analysis (PCA), for better inference of genetic data.
Acrylamide, also called 2-propenamide or AA, is an unsaturated amide with a chemical composition of C3H5NO (MW = 71.08 g/mol) was classified as "probably carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is formed in starchy food after frying, baking, or grilling. The literature stated that there are so many approaches in reducing acrylamide by changing the cooking conditions, adding specific ingredients or removing others. The practice of experimenting the effect of lactic acid bacteria removal on toxins showed positive results and further studies are needed to use lactic acid bacteria industrially. The aim of this research is to test lactic acid bacteria ability in removing acrylamide in vitro in order to provide more options for manufacturers to enhance food safety levels without jeopardizing the quality of their food products.
Date seeds contain several antioxidants and phenolic compounds that can provide functional characteristics to foods. These compounds can function as a prebiotic in yoghurt. This study involves ultrasonic extraction of aqueous soluble compounds from date seed powder and examining the effect of extract (D.S.E) on the functional characteristics of low-fat and full-fat yoghurt from cow milk. The yoghurt samples(with/without) were studied for functional properties such as viscosity, Water Holding capacity (W.H.C), Syneresis along with chemical properties such as Titratable Acid (T.A) and pH at 0, 3, 5 and 10 days of storage. D.S.E of 2% was added to yoghurt samples of low-fat and full-fat namely LFE and FFE, respectively. The study showed that viscosity improved during storage. No significant differences were observed for syneresis and W.H.C.
Probiotic bacteria can provide health benefits when delivered in functional foods. Promising 6 probiotic strains isolated previously from salted anchovy fish, E. faecium MF047470, MF047495, MF047509, and KY962874, E. faecalis KY962905, and E. durans KY962882, were used to prepare functional fermented fish sausages. Probiotic strains were then evaluated for cytotoxicity activity against two cancer cell-lines, antidiabetic activity as determined by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition from fish sausages fermented by 6 isolates of Enterococcus spp. ranged from 29.2 to 68.7% and 23.9 to 41.4%, respectively, during 21 days of storage. The cytotoxicity activities against Caco2 and MCF-7 cells of fish sausages fermented with Enterococcus spp. ranged from 18.0 to 24% and 13.9 to 27.9%, respectively. Fish sausages fermented by potential probiotic isolates of Enterococcus spp. from dried fish had valuable health-promoting benefits compared with non-fermented control sausages.
