In this study, we created and validated a model for 'paragraph ending sentences.' To do so, we analyzed a corpus of papers from advanced ESL college-students, identifying 'paragraph ending sentences' that can be categorized as a model composed of 'goal,' 'type,' and 'cue.' 'Goal' refers to the function of the sentence (e.g., summarizing). 'Type' refers to whether the sentence is a claim or a support statement. 'Cue' refers to explicit language indicating the goal. To assess the model, we trained judges to recognize the identified categories. Quantitative and qualitative analysis validated the model, leading us to conclude that the model is a viable teaching intervention with pedagogical credibility. The model is also important as it features in software designed to assist college level ESL student-writers.
This study compared and contrasted some syntactic aspects of the sentence in Arabic and English political speeches, namely sentence length, frequency of sentence types and forms, and passivization. Twenty political speeches in Arabic and twenty political speeches in English were collected from the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) meetings between 2015 and 2019. The analysis revealed that sentence in the Arabic political speeches is slightly shorter than its counterpart in English. It was also found that the complex sentence is more frequent in the Arabic speeches, while the simple sentence is more frequent in the English speeches. Passive sentences frequency in the Arabic speeches is slightly higher than in the English speeches. The analysis also revealed that these syntactic features were used to perform several functions in the text to serve ideological goals such as blame avoidance, credit-claiming, and political neutrality. Keywords- Political speech, sentence length, ideology, passivization.
Not until the beginning of the 20th century did the recipe begin to be the subject of serious academic interest. It is even more rarely tackled in the realm of translation studies. The purpose of this paper was to examine the recipe as a separate genre. One-hundred recipes were collected from five different sources. One hundred translated recipes were analyzed through parallel-text analysis.The difficulties that translators may encounter in translating recipes from English into Arabic at the lexical, syntactic, textual and cultural levels were identified. Results showed that the English and the Arabic recipe on the macro-textual level were the same; however, there were some differences on the micro-textual level such as the use of indefinite articles for reference, ellipsis, and the use of pronouns. Other results showed that the most commonly used method to handle CSIs was couplets (38%), while the least used method was communicative translation (1%).
This study examines the main SLA challenges that university students encounter and the influence of these challenges on their academic achievement. This research answers two research questions: 'what are the main challenges that university students face in SLA?' and, 'how do these challenges influence the academic achievement of university students?' It uses a quantitative design in the form of a survey, and the participants are university students in the UAE (N= 37). The findings show that SLA challenges affect university students' academic achievement on various levels. This study contributes to linguistics literature generally and in the UAE, and it contributes to theoretical knowledge and proposes pedagogical implications.
Translation can be impacted by metalinguistic factors which push the translator either to render literal meanings or to try their best to communicate the meaning beyond the text. Legal puns are one of the best examples that illustrates the situation of the translator when they face such phenomena. This study scrutinizes legal puns in Khalil Mutran's Arabic translations of Shakespeare's Macbeth and Hamlet; the aim is to investigate if and how the translated puns are rendered with their legal overtones in the target texts. The study examines the puns in the source texts by referring to Shakespeare's Legal Language: A Dictionary (2004) and Shakespeare's Wordplay (2003) and in the Arabic translation by referring to لسان العرب (2008) and معجم اللغة العربية المعاصر (2007). Results show that the translator grasp the combination of punning with legal overtones and translates them into corresponding legal puns, picking Arabic legal terms with double-edged meanings.
This paper examined whether musical experience facilitates L2 pronunciation. The focus was on two common mispronounced English phonemes, /θ/ and /ð/, by L1 Egyptian Arabic speakers. The participants were four musicians and four non-musicians. All participants answered a survey indicating proficiency in English as an L2. The participants also had to undergo a music test (PROMS) to identify the level of their music abilities. For data collection, the students underwent a pre-test, and a post-test that specifically targeted the conflict of the sound /θ/ and /ð/. As for the intervention, participants from both groups attended four hours of phonetic production training. The results of the post-test were analysed to reveal that musicians scored much higher (97.5%) compared to the non-musicians (75%). Although the results of the study are currently in progress, the post-test average scores correlate with previous literature findings that musical aptitude facilitates L2 acquisition among adults
Sorafenib is one of the clinically used anticancer agents that inhibits several kinases. In this study, novel indole-based rigid analogues of sorafenib were designed and synthesized in order to enhance kinase selectivity and hence minimize the side effects associated with its use. They were tested against Hep3B, Huh7, and Hep-G2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines to study their potency. Among all the tested target derivatives, compound 1h exerted superior antiproliferative potency against all the three tested HCC cell lines compared to sorafenib. Compound 1h exerted superior kinase selectivity than sorafenib. It is selective for VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 angiogenesis-related kinases, while sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor. Superior kinase selectivity of compound 1h to sorafenib can be attributed to its conformationally-restricted indole nucleus and the bulky N-methylpiperazinyl moiety.
EBERs, the most abundant genes expressed in all forms of EBV infections, are associated with promoting proliferation and resisting apoptosis in EBV-infected cells, thus, contributing significantly to EBV-associated tumorigenesis. About 90% of EBV-associated malignancies are of epithelial origin. In this study, we investigated the proliferative potentials of EBER1 in HEK293T cell line as an epithelial cell model. Our data indicated no significant difference in the growth rate of EBER1 transfected cells compared to the negative control cells. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the expression of genes associated with licensing or progression of cell cycle. As a result, we concluded that EBER1 alone, at least in vitro, may not be sufficient to boost proliferation.
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease by which different breast cancer subtypes acquire distinct metabolic profiles. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1A (PDH-E1A) is one of the key regulators of metabolic pathways. Assessing PDH-E1A and Phosphorylated PDH-E1A expressions among BC subtypes would help to stratify BC patients to determine their susceptibility to metabolism targeting treatments. The expression of PDH-E1A and its inactive form (P-PDH-E1A) was investigated in BC cell lines, 115 breast cancer tissues, transcriptomics publicly available data of 1084 breast cancer patients. Multivariant analysis revealed the significant association between PDH-E1A/P-PDH-E1A expressions and the molecular class, histological type, tumor size of BC tissues and hormonal receptor status. Additionally, low PDH-E1A expression in BC patients revealed a better overall survival compared to high PDHA1 expression. This study revealed the differential expression of PDH-E1A and P-PDH-E1A among BC subtypes and suggested that high PDH-E1A expression is a prognostic factor for worse overall survival.
There is an increase in thyroid cancer cases worldwide. Recent studies show that the analysis of genotype and allele frequencies of the genetic polymorphisms aid in understanding the epidemiology of thyroid cancer. The oncogenic variants that lead to thyroid cancer development exhibit inter-ethnic variability which is reflected in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies across populations. This study aimed to establish the genotype and allele frequencies of 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) implicated in thyroid cancer among the Emirati population and to compare their distribution with other ethnic groups.
